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George Whitefield Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

George Whitefield - Term Paper Example Whitefield was instructed at home by his mom and further down the road at St. Mary de Crypt School and Pembroke College, Oxford2. Whitefield was s industrious understudy yet he was a maverick. He invested a ton of energy thinking; truth be told, he was once answered to have reflected for about a month and a half with no food aside from bread or tea. This experience debilitated him so much that he needed to see a specialist 2. Whitefield was appointed as a priest at the young age of 21. The minister who appointed him had before said he would decline to appoint anybody that youthful however Whitefield indicated some momentous qualities that were perfect for lecturing, he was incredibly persevering, he was prepared to learn, he had a clear creative mind, he pulled in youngsters and maybe in particular of all, he oozed an extravagance that caused individuals to hear him out. Whitefield for the most part lectured against wrongdoing and for Jesus Christ1. It was Whitefield’s relationship with siblings Charles and John Weasley that drove him to Georgia, America as a preacher. Whitefield went through the year subsequent to being appointed lecturing in the UK and raising assets to go to Georgia2. The Weasley siblings had both been lecturing in America without much of any result and they had neglected to change over the majority of people1,2. In any case, when Whitefield showed up in America, he discovered he had a voice very quickly. Individuals tuned in to him and reacted very quickly. His moxy most likely added to this enormously. A year after his appearance, Whitefield chose to come back to the UK to gather assets for a shelter that was being arranged by the colony’s originator. The halfway house and schools, when they were assembled at last helped a bounty of individuals. Whitefield never benefitted from this undertaking financially1. After his first excursion to America, Whitefield made six additional outings. Each excursion over the Atlantic was threat however Whitefield had an enormous crowd which he needed to lecture in America1,2. In 1940, in Philadelphia, he lectured fifteen thousand individuals,

Random Essay Generator Samples - Get Help

Random Essay Generator Samples - Get HelpIf you're looking for random essay generator samples then you're on the right track. Some people have a certain way of writing and they tend to incorporate this style into their essays. In the same way that a layout of a painting has a certain visual appeal, the quality of a written piece of work is often judged by how well it flows and how you organized it.So, with this in mind, the better written your writing is the more likely you are to be hired. Other than having the correct ability to write, your reading ability also matters a lot. So, if you can't read well it's a plus.So where do you find essay generator samples? It's pretty easy these days as most companies will provide you with some sort of sample. They will usually try to talk you into using their tool, so you want to be wary of this at all times. You don't want to be influenced to use the tool you were hoping to use.The best way to get the best random essay generator samples is to use an alternative resource. An alternative resource would be to write up a simple study guide and take turns with it as you turn in your essay for review. This is very effective, as you learn through repetition, instead of learning from somebody else.Another thing you can do is check out the opinions of others and see what they have to say about some of the more popular essay generator samples. There are many sites that you can look at and this is a great way to see what they're all about. You'll also find that if they offer some sort of money back guarantee you'll be able to know that they are going to give you good results and they won't be wasting your time and money.When trying to find essaygenerator samples, make sure that you don't have to pay any money for it, because this will cause you to look for free services and not your money's worth. Take a look at the popular ones and see which one you like the best.You want to find a system that fits your needs and makes you flow ea sily and smoothly when it comes to the writing process. You don't want to be told you need two weeks to do a job and you want to be told that you need two days.Start looking at the tools that will help you start writing with ease quickly. The faster you are able to finish the essays the sooner you'll get the job and get into a steady writing career.

Disturbances that took place US Subprime Housing sector - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1683 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The disturbances in the US subprime housing sector graduated into a full blown economic downturn by the end of the year 2007, remaining underestimated for most of the year 2008, aggravated by current account deficits in the United States and Kingdom. The crisis was financed by excess flow of savings from developing economies and oil exporting countries and led to lax monetary policies and banking regulations, as well as misperception of risk, and loose financial regulations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Disturbances that took place US Subprime Housing sector" essay for you Create order Investors became aware of the downturn only after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008. By then, liquidity had dried up. To counter the crisis, governments in developed and emerging economies responded by injecting credit into their financial sector, nationalizing banks, and cutting down interest rates. Despite critical implications, Asian countries remained well placed than others China and India being the pioneers. Nevertheless, 2010 has been a year filled with uncertainties for the world economy. Primarily affected have been exports and equity markets, currency and credit markets, among others. Causes Subprime Lending As a result of the dot-com bubble burst and the consequent recession in 2001, the Federal Reserve Board (Fed) took a decision to cut down short-term interest rates from 6.5% in 2000, to well below 2% in 2003, an incentive for investors across the globe to park their investments on financial instruments offering substantial returns. Subprime lending is referred to the availability of loans to people who may have difficulty in repaying the borrowed money. Bundling prime and subprime mortgages backed with assets (sellable property) making probable interest rates look attractive. Subprime lending led to a rise in home ownership in the US from 64% in 1994 to 69.2% in 2004. According to the National Home Price Index by SP/Case-Shiller, between 1997 and 2006, housing prices in the US rose by 124%. Homeowners started refinancing their properties and obtained second mortgages against the additional value of the property to use it for consumer spending beyond their means. Wall Street firms purchased mortgages, bundled and sold them off to investors as Mortgage-Backed Securities (MBS) which offered much higher returns than safer assets. With real estate prices soaring, foreign capital flowed from countries with current account surplus, namely, the fast growing Asian economies and the oil exporting nations. However, during 2006 and 2007, interest rates began to rise while housing prices started to drop, making refinancing difficult. As a result, defaults and foreclosures increased drastically when the easy initial terms expired and housing prices failed to rise as anticipated. Consequently, the US household debt as a percentage of income touched 130% in 2007, a 30% jump from the earlier rates. As corrective measures, between 2004 and 2006, the interest rate was raised from the existing 1% to 5.25%., however, the housing prices did not rise as anticipated. On the contrary, it started falling rapidly around 2006-2007. The institutions that invested in MBS encountered heavy losses. The result was housing and credit market bubble. Lessons Learned Financial institutions and investors should research and base financial strength apart from a high credit rating, while regulators should stop dependence upon the monopoly of a few credit agencies. Instead of excessive risks, institutional investors should focus on portfolio diversification for the long term, since short speculative runs would only prove futile. Portfolio investment should spread across all important sectors, and reach across to developed and emerging international markets. The collapse of Lehman Brothers alongside that of the US mortgage securities market causing the erosion of consumer trust and loss of liquidity is a proof of how making all investments into the same company, industry, sector or country could be catastrophic for a financial institution. Opportunities In spite of regional integration in terms of trade investment, Asia-Pacific has limited capital flow due to a lack of information, differing rules and regulations, undeveloped financial infrastructure and a lack of relevant financial instruments. According to Asia-Pacific market report for October 2009 by Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia (CLSA), Asia is at the foothold of demographically driven growth for domestic investment. The Alpha Advisory report in 2009 states emerging markets accounted for over 85% of the global population, 75% of landmass, 70% of foreign reserves, 50% of global GDPÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ and a mere 10% of the global equity market capitalization. Survey data from the years 2009 and 2010 on Asia reveal greater preference for equities. The private equity investment levels in Asia, in the year 2009 were the same as in the years 2005-2006 because the Asian market remains underexposed to private equity investments. By 2020, China has been projected to be the largest economy of the world, while India is expected to become larger than Japan, taking the third place after China and the US. Therefore, China and India hold greater investment opportunities for Asian investors, followed by Korea and Taiwan. Policy changes broadening information exchange, harmonizing institutional settings, improving financial infrastructure and information and developing products would further increase cross border portfolio flows. China China, the leading Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) recipient of the world remains an attractive destination for foreign investments. The Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFII) in 2007 allows investors qualified by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange to invest in the Chinese stock market. In the first half of 2009, China accounted for one-third (US$7.3 BN) of the total amount of PE investment in Asia. In terms of the total number of equity investments made in 2009, the largest share went to the manufacturing industry (19%) followed by IT, Internet, energy, and healthcare. However, in terms of the total value of investment made, the financial sector received US$18.4 BN, followed by energy, manufacturing, and food and beverages, all of which are valuable long term opportunities for institutional investors. Additionally, the Chinese distressed debt market for the Asian investors in the form diversifying their portfolio, and receiving attractive returns at the same time. For example, Shoreline China Value I, L.P. a China-focused distressed asset investment firm managed by Shoreline Capital, witnessed oversubscription in 2008. India In India, institutional investor interests focus on key sectors like pharmaceuticals and healthcare, banking and finance, mining, Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG), and Information Technology (IT)/Information Technology Enabled Services (ITeS). On the other hand, PE firms struck deals in cement, infrastructure, education, and real estate sectors, among others. According to India PE Report 2010 from Bain Company, a global consultancy, PE and venture capital (VC) investments are projected to reach US$17 BN by the year 2010. Other Asian Countries Other Asian countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, and Japan have also recorded increased flow of FII between 140-220% in 2010. On the other hand, South Korea and Taiwan have recorded lower inflows than other countries ranging between 28 50%. Commodities Asian financial investors, similar to those worldwide, are worried about the higher rates of inflation and are therefore keen on mitigating the risk through increased aggressive investment in commodities. State-owned companies in China like Chinalco, and Minmetals, in collaboration with state banks such as the China Development Bank, have invested in numerous natural resources deals in Africa, Australia, and Russia. Simultaneously, the Chinese government is using its foreign reserves to build crude oil reserves and building stocks of precious metals like gold, copper, and iron ore. Recommendations Regulations The financial instruments which make the market more efficient also introduced embedded or hidden leverage into balance sheets which complicate counterparties and transmit, rather than mitigate risk. To ensure mortgage underwriting and regulatory standards remain high, sponsors should continue their economic stakes with exposure to loss to ensure their vigilance and alignment with all parties. Transparency To safeguard future economic crises, institutional investors need to operate under a carefully regulated, transparent and capitalized environment. Rates of transparency, varying widely, from relatively higher levels in Hong Kong, to a more restrictive and opaque market in China, pose the biggest challenge to the institutional investors, and should be carefully assessed for risk. Diversify Outside The Dollar A single solution to both these objectives would be the movement towards a single Asian currency. It would be a safe investment alternative for Asian investors to enhance trade, and rule out exchange rate uncertainties, boost investment and monetary bonding within the region and grant more clout in the international market, and also limit the impact of cross-country effects. Otherwise, the Chinese Yuan or Renminbi is an alternative investment. The Asian Development Bank priced their first international bond denominated in Renminbi on October 19, 2010, which carries a ten-year bullet maturity with a critical long-term pricing reference for other borrowers. Gold Gold should always be included in an optimally diversified portfolio. Gold would never lose its intrinsic value, serving as a hedge against inflation. Investments in gold in 2009 surpassed the corresponding demand of the entire year of 2008. Large institutional investors, such as hedge and pension funds are allocating investment on gold and gold shares. Construction Construction and healthcare sector provide new avenues of long term investment for institutional investors. The construction sector provides critical infrastructure and requires occupation of unskilled work force, cheap labour without training requirements. This would forth employment and revenue for the economy, a multiplier effect on the economy and ultimately responsible for the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Although healthcare investment has been in demand worldwide, investment in the healthcare sector necessitates a multifaceted approach in understanding the underlying trends that institutional investors should follow before making investments. The aging population and baby boomers; longer lifespan with chronic diseases; obesity and diabetes epidemics; the global reach of diseases, among others, are positive trends that drive investment in the healthcare sector. Healthcare investments in the form of sponsorships of the education of specialists; financing the development of a chain of hospitals or polyclinics, technological equipment and patented drugs promises rich rewards and good dividends for investors. Conclusion Could the crisis have been averted? Finance ministers of the ASEAN members as well as China, Japan, and South Korea have agreed to set up a crisis fund worth US$120 BN to help the region handle credit crunch and overcome the global financial crisis. With all this preparation to ward off another crisis, it is still a little known fact that the magnitude of the crisis was due to bond salesmen peddling American CDOs overseas. In the world of subprime lending, it was all about transferring risk. The last one holding the bond was a fool.

The Effects Of Teenage Pregnancy On Teenage Mothers

Introduction 10% of children in America are the result of teenage pregnancy. Researchers have looked at the marijuana use in teenage mothers to see if it poses a greater risk for marijuana use in their offspring. Children who are born to teenage mothers that use marijuana have shown to a correlate with sexual behavior at an earlier age and pregnancy. Statistics have shown that young mothers are more likely to use marijuana than older mothers. A pattern of marijuana use by teenage mothers has shown to impact different behaviors associated with early pregnancy in their offspring. Methods Participants The study looked at preexisting data used in the Teen mother study, which looked at the physical and neurobehavioral development and the effects of substance abuse during the prenatal period. Researchers looked at the data from pregnant adolescents that ranged from 12-18 years of age. The first initial contact between researcher and participant began during a prenatal visit that took place in the early stages of pregnancy and were revisited during delivery. Then when the children were 6, 10, 14, and 16 follow-up visits took place between the teenage mother and their offspring. The initial research included 448 pregnant adolescents. Due to death, abortion, relocating, and refusal the total number of participants ended up being 326 at the follow-up stage for offspring that was 16 years old. Procedure Participants were ask to report their tobacco, alcohol,Show MoreRelatedTeenage Pregnancy And Effect On Teenage Mothers2129 Words   |  9 Pagesstigmas of teenage pregnancy, which can affect teenage mothers. Teenage mothers face the risk of not being accepted by their peers and community. Acquiring a position in society, that is often the subject of negative criticism and judgment, can profoundly impact teenage mothers (Luttrell, 2014). This research paper will analyze teenage pregnancy stigmas and how they can impact young mothers. This paper will include a literature review, analyzing adolescent sexuality and behavior, teenage pregnancy and motherhoodRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Causes Serious Physical And Emotional Problems1369 Words   |  6 Pages Teen pregnancy causes serious physical and emotional problems for adolescent mothers, therefore there should be steps taken to prevent such things from happening. I have a close friend who got pregnant at the age of fifteen. It was a mega crisis for her and her baby. It caused a heartbreaking feud between my friend and her parents, as well as her schooling, leading her to drop out of high school. The emotional stress she gained was harming her body. The baby’s father wanted nothing to do with theRead MoreThe Effect Of Teenage Pregnancy On Children1636 Words   |  7 PagesThis study examined the effect of teenage pregnancy on children by exploring the results of an ADHD survey, ASRS-v1.1. The study sampled 100 kindergarten students, 50 had teenage mothers and 50 had mothers who gave birth during adulthood. A quantitative research method was utilized along with the difference-oriented research strategy approach. The independent variable is identified as the age of pregnancy and the two variant levels are: pregnant teens, ages 13-19, and pregnant women in adulthoodRead MoreHealth Education Reduction Of Teenage Pregnancy1647 Words   |  7 PagesHEALTH EDUCATION REDUCTION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (2010-2015) Introduction Teenage pregnancy (known as under-18 conception) negatively affects the health and wellbeing of both the young mothers and their children. Early parenthood is prone to the risk of postnatal depression, poor health (including mental health), social exclusion and by the age of thirty (30) there are more likely to live in poverty, have limited education, career and economic prospect. There is high risk ofRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teenage Pregnancy1620 Words   |  7 PagesServices). Teenage females associated with childbearing expose themselves to many risks and negative effects that can affect their future. Females result with many consequences due to teenage pregnancy. This paper will strictly focus on the effects females experience through teenage pregnancy. The reader will be able to develop an overall understanding of the causes of teen pregnancy. Also, the reader will be able to distinguish the psychosocial effects on the girl during adolescent pregnancy. The readerR ead MoreThe Responses That Briggs Et Al1743 Words   |  7 Pageset al. (2013) showed that 5% of women said that influences from family or friends was a reason to seek an abortion. This included thinking that a baby would have a negative impact on their family or friends, not wanting others to know about the pregnancy and judge them, and/or peer pressure from friends and family. Briggs et al. (2013) also found women reported not wanting to have to put the baby up for adoption and/or not wanting the baby as a reason for seeking abortion, which was 4% of responsesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1743 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative media teenage mothers struggle to find the positive sides to motherhood. Teenage pregnancy can be dificult and life changing, but unlike the renowned negative beliefs all over the world, there are positive sides to teenage pregnancy. Most research that is done on teen pregnancy is based on the hardships and struggles on teen mothers, making it easy to forget the good that can come from teen pregnancy. A teenage mother can create a good life for herself and her children. Teenage mothers are generallyRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pageswhat most people say, or think, when they hear about the pregnancy of an adolescent girl. Early pregnancy, commonly referred to as teenage pregnancy, is an ongoing crisis throughout the world. However, the United States has the highest rates of teen pregnancy in the world. Since its peak in 1990, teen pregnancy rates have declined by half, but they are still fairly high. According to the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, â€Å"roughly one in four teens girls in the U.S. will getRead MoreThe Socio Economic Factors Of Teenage Pregnancy1517 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is normally identified as deprived life choice, for example, tasks of teenage parenting have long-term impact on the mental health of the mother and children (Statistics New Zealand, 2003). It is important to identify the socio economic factors of teenage pregnancy to lower the chances of mental health problems in young mothers. In this paper the aim is to analyse the main socio economic factors of teenage pregnancy and discuss how it affects the mental health of an adolescent motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Serious Problem1690 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is widely viewed in our society as a serious problem. According to Pregnant Teen Help, over 750,000 teenagers will get pregnant each year. This is a statistic that has lowered in numbers since the 1990’s mainly due to more teen pregnancy prevention programs in schools and contraceptive availability(). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy rate than any other industrialized country in the world. About a third of these teens abort their pregnancies, 14 percent suffer a

An Inspector Calls decrease the dramatic tension Essay Example For Students

An Inspector Calls decrease the dramatic tension Essay Throughout An Inspector Calls J.B. Priestly is setting many Left-wing ideas. Priestly presents the right wing ideology in a bad light and the left-wing ideology, as a good role in society. The play is set in 1912 which is prior to World War I. The play was written in 1946 and criticizes the Edwardian era. During the play Priestly looks back at the faults of the Edwardian era. Priestly does not make the audience feel superior over the characters by having knowledge that they didnt. An example for this is that Mr.Birling believes that the Titanic is Absolutely Unsinkable. The audience are surely aware of the fact that this statement is untrue. Another point that Mr. Birling brings out is that there isnt a chance of war. The audience, once again, are know that this is untrue since the war had already taken place. At this point of the play, the audience feel as if every point that Mr.Birling says is questionable. Priestly tempts the audience to be smug by having Mr.Birling say these little war scares but on the other hand this is a criticism carried out to Mr.Birling. Therefore there is an element of hypocrisy.  Priestly portrays the inspector as a moral character which ensures the audience to appreciate his ideas as to Mr.Birlings ideas. Priestly makes the audience feel as if the inspector is a trustworthy character since he gives him the role of hero as is he is trying to solve the murder mystery. So when Priestly brings out a point or an accusation against one of the characters, the audience are more likely to believe the inspector rather than Mr.Birling. The Inspector believes that we are all responsible for each other. This places him in the position of a caring character which is vital for his role as an inspector. Priestly portrays Mr.Birlings views of the world as incorrect and makes him look foolish. The audience then feel that if Mr.Birlings predictions are incorrect then why should they trust his right-wing view of the world? This certifies that the play is biased and is very supportive towards Left-Wing views. This specific tactics that Priestly uses is very foolish to right-wing views. Mr.Birling is portrayed as ignorant and a bad judge. Mr.Birling quotes that the way some of these cranks talk right now; youd think everybody has to look aster everybody else. In this quote Priestly comments on how some playwrights are very left-wing and includes himself considering he is left-wing. The play was first performed in communist Russia. This gives the idea that Priestly was worried whether his play would acquire a large audience anywhere else since Russia were strongly left-wing. This suggests that Priestly was aware of the fact that his play was too biased and was too scared to show it to people in case they reacted in a bad manner. Towards the end of the play the inspectors final speech includes him threatening the Birling household that if men will not learn that lesson, then they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish. The inspector includes a very harsh metaphor tot threaten the Birlings by telling them that is they do not take on left-wing values, cruel thing will overtake the Birling household. The fact that the inspector uses this harsh metaphor tot threaten the Birlings, he includes that they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish. The reason why this accusation might be harsh is due to the suffrage that the audience have just gone through during the Second World War which indeed included blood and anguish. This remark would have ensured the audience to take it to heart. .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .postImageUrl , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:hover , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:visited , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:active { border:0!important; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:active , .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135 .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52d0c7556dcdab645f707ae0e184c135:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens emotions EssayThe inspector imposes the threat of hell when talking with the Birlings. This is an unfair comment to use as he is being unfair to the characters as well as the audience since they might be involved with different religious values. He also connects religion and politics together and uses it as a threat which is extremely unfair since the two topics are completely different.  Arthur Birling often seems to be happy with his family and business without a simple care for the working class. This is shown when he says just because the miners came out on strike, theres a lot of wild talk about possible labour trouble in the near future. Dont worry. This re mark shows the lack of care he has for his workers and that he only worries about his familys well being. Throughout the play J.B Priestly points out right-wing vices of the Birlings. Arthur Birling is shown to be conceited since he looks down at the lowers classes. Sibyl Birling is referred to as a snob. We see in Act one Sibyl is her husbands social superior. She is more likely to look down on others to. She gives a negative attitude towards Sheila because of her social status and dismisses her when she implies for financial help. When Sheila applied to the committee she used a false name which was Birling. When Eva Smith used Mrs.Birlings name she was very offended because she didnt think someone was worthy of associating herself with Mrs. Birling.

The Importance of Being Ernest by Oscar Wilde

Introduction Realism in the visual arts emphasizes on the objective representation of reality and accuracy, where theater and drama are important components. To achieve realism in plays, playwrights strive to present real people experiencing confrontations with the physical and philosophical difficulties where they tend to become victims of forces beyond their control.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Being Ernest by Oscar Wilde specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like the average person, the characters in realist plays hardly arrive at solutions to their respective predicaments. However, people consider realism a dead practice in the arts since, as most playwrights argue, it interferes with the aesthetic quality of the work with people like Vivian declaring it a complete failure. In fact, the claim is true and to the point as Oscar Wilde reveals. Realism: A Complete Failure Oscar Wilde does not rec ognize realism, as a method worth holding dear as done by most of the writers of his times, because according to him, it is no more than a total failure. In his comedy, â€Å"The Importance of being Earnest†, he explores considerably serious themes such as marriage in a considerably exaggerated way. Most critics of this work therefore consider the play as utterly frivolous and superficial. The critics argue that, based on the manner in which Wilde explores the complex aspect marriage, one can only reach it upon handling the work in a realistic manner. This makes the audience to distance themselves from the happenings in the play in that they consider it as mere entertainment. There are several instances in the play where Wilde deliberately ignores realism in the manner he depicts the interaction between the characters, their dialogue, and their actions since it does not work according to him. The opening scene of the play ‘The Importance of Being Earnest†, the rea der is introduced to highly stylized, exaggerated and unrealistic world .The characters in this scene as well a s others throughout the play are not real characters in that they seem to worriless about what they say. They are there literal constructs created to deliver the lines. Firstly, there seems to raise a contradiction in the event where Earnest Worthing wants to take a cucumber though his host Algernon reprimands it. Algernon continuously claims that he has ordered the cucumbers expressly for Lady Blacknell at the same time eating them. He has the excuse that he is in a position to eat the sandwiches since they belong to his aunt. Algernon suggests that Jack eat the bread and butter ordered for Gwendolen. When he embarks on it with enthusiasm, Algernon stops him again accusing him of now behaving as if already married to Gwendolen. This creates the idea that is most contested by critics of food being a cause of social conflicts.Advertising Looking for essay on american l iterature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The fact that Algernon claims to have gotten his evidence about jack having been leading a double life by looking at a cigarette case is quite irrational as far as realism is concerned. The portrayal of Cecily is that of a young innocent girl in the country farm whom jack is patronizing, the question here arises on how the girl had to write to his uncle on a cigarette case. This is a deliberate creation formed by Wilde to engage the aspect of jack being leading a double life. In fact, considering that Algernon has known jack as Earnest for years, it beats logic to express it in realism how jack admits so easily and confesses his real identity. The idea of a man not knowing where his best friend resides after years of having known him is absurd and unrealistic. In order to make the play interesting Wilde has to sacrifice the aspect of realism. The whole idea of the name of a partner being a n important determinant in choosing a marriage partner is completely silly in the manner that it coincidentally matters to two different women in different circumstances who fall for a man just because of his name. For a realist, this is a merely constructed coincidence to have the plot of the play moving. The two women with their differences associate the name ‘Earnest’ with confidence by saying that, â€Å"it inspires absolute confidence†. In the scene where woman Blacknel is interviewing Jack to rate his eligibility as a potential son in law, the questions that the woman ask are completely unrelated to the context at hand. Oscar Wilde seems to have this character to allude to the British upper class’s domineering nature. The woman seems in excessive control of who should marry her daughter than the girl herself. Her language is satirical and unconcerned, which is characteristic of the unrealism contained in the whole play. Wilde poses that being more co ncerned about realism ties the playwrights’ hands in expressing serious issues in the society in an interesting way. Lady Blacknel is full of contradictions, which seem mostly deliberate to create humor. She tells jack, â€Å"To lose one parent, Worthing, may be regarded as a misfortune; to lose both looks like carelessness.† This remark draws its funniness from the fact that it is simply absurd and unconventional. One cannot consider this the case as far as realistic representation of life stands in that only the truth about the events stand a chance to appear in records. For instance, she tells Jack, â€Å"Land has ceased to be either a profit or a pleasure†. Later she contradicts herself and acclaims when he reveals to her that he has a country house. She says, â€Å"A country house!† this reveals that she is a changeable character created by Wilde to satirize the upper class.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Importance of Bei ng Ernest by Oscar Wilde specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is through coincidences that shape the manner, in which the characters in this play interact with each other. This makes the flow of the play so predictable that the audience can guess with ease what will follow next. In fact, every encounter in the play is a constructed coincidence by the writer to move the plot further. This falls short of the representation of reality that is the major inspiration to the realists. The scene where Jack proposes to Gwendolen reveals the deliberate contradictory of the realism held during the times when this play’s composition. Jack stammers while the woman Gwendolen takes charge courageously. Wilde wants to deliberately alter and provoke the rethinking of the assumptions that shaped the reality of gender roles in the Victorian era. The idea of wickedness fascinates Cecily and it is through this that she falls head over heels in love with the character Earnest whom jack creates and never exists in the real sense. She even looks forward to meeting a wicked person. This is a mere construct considering all the bad attributes link with wickedness. The attributes are characteristic of the villains in the realistic performances. Wilde expresses failure of realism in this particular play in the manner of playing some issues that considered as weighty unlike other cases in â€Å"The importance of Being Earnest†. For instance, the issue of death in the play stands out as a simple thing that has no weight whatsoever. This stands out first through woman Blacknel’s remark that having lost two parents amounts to carelessness on the part of the victim. In another scene jack comes in to announce to Cecily that the fictitious character Earnest is dead. This casualness fails in realism in that a person cannot lie about the death of another without the fear of providing proof on the matter. Jack has only his Victori an mourning regalia as his only proof of the death of his brother. This portrays the shallowness represented by Wilde in the play. Conclusion In as much as realism is a method believed and applied by many, Wilde declares it a total failure based on his illustrations. It interferes with the quality of works in the literary works as proposed artists who claim that realism does not hold but rather interferes with the logic behind the importance of the arts in the society. Depiction of real characters dealing with real issues makes the audience identify themselves with the characters presented as well as the issues addressed in the performances. Oscar Wilde and others in his school of thought advocates for the enjoyment of plays and literary works for what they are, but not based on their effect in the society. This is the idea of ‘art for art’s sake’ where people need to view realism, not as a means to an end but as an end in itself.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on The Importance of Being Ernest by Oscar Wilde was written and submitted by user Taryn Briggs to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

21950183087900 Essays - Xiaomi, Smartphones, Economy Of China

21950183087900 Essays - Xiaomi, Smartphones, Economy Of China 21950183087900 Xiaomi's globalization strategies Location: Astana Course Code: MGMT621 Course Name: Strategic Management Professor: Stephan J. Wirtz , MA, MBA, DDA Student(s) Name(s) : Nurzhan Sikhimov INTRODUCTION The work aims to study and analyze the factors that led to the success of Xiaomi company, its current position among its competitors in the domestic and the world market. Xiaomi was founded in April 6, 2010 by serial entrepreneur Lei Jun, who is one of China's top 20 richest person with net worth US$ 9.1 billion according to Forbes. It crafted smartphone hardware, software, and internet services as well as accessories with the help of smart and talented people that it hired from Google, Kingsoft, Microsoft, Motorola, Yahoo and other successful technology companies around the globe. Xiaomi has sold more than 60 million smartphones worldwide in 2014, with more than 18 million handsets in China alone, resulting in US$ 12 billion revenue. Their presence is mainly in the Asian region such as China, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines. Xiaomi's focus is to produce reliable, user friendly, mobile applications and affordable phones to customers. Xiaomi is currently the third largest smartphone producer in the world with over 5,000 employees worldwide. As of December 2014, Xiaomi has achieved the status of the most valuable technology start-up in the world after it successfully secured US$1.1 billion investment with a company valuation of US$ 45 billion [1] To understand reasons for the company's success, the business model canvas and SWOT analyses of the company are made. The studied scientific works and articles made it possible to consider the world smartphone industry, the place of Huawei in it, its abilities to survive in the tough struggle in the international market , present some solutions to sustainability of Huawei's competitive advantage. The business model canvas of the company KEY PARTNERS Google Youku Todou KEY ACTIVITIES Software development VALUE PROPOSITION Hig h tech affordable smartphones Customer oriented Link between hardware and software CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS Use of customer feedback for developing new products and technology Customer engagement CUSTOMER SIGMENTS Middle class customers KEY RESOURSES W ebsite and online stores I T and communications infrastructure M anufacturing facilities. Content development CHANNEL S E-commerce Few physical stores Advertisement through customers COST STRUCTURE Production RD REVENUE STREAMS Smartphone sales Other devices sales SWOT Analyses for Xiaomi S trengths One of the Largest Smartphone maker - Xiaomi is one of the largest smartphone makers in the world. It is said to be the 5th largest smartphone manufacturer as of 2017. Originating from China, the Smartphones are manufactured in huge quantities and have wide acceptance across the world. Highest selling Smartphone - The REDMI Note 4 became the highest selling smartphone in India and China and practically in 50% of the Asian market. This shows that Xiaomi is strongly rising in the smartphone market and has already beaten several giants. Huge China and Asia market available - Another benefit to Xiaomi is that the whole Asian market is their playground. As China lies within Asia and as Chinese mobile brands are highly penetrated in the Asian markets , Xiaomi still has a lot of ground to explore. Good Qualityproducts - Even at such low prices, no one can doubt the quality of Xiaomi phones. The smartphones are regularly rated high on all E-commerce portals - a further proof that Xiaomi does not compromise on quality even if lowers the price regularly. E-commerce advantage - The Flash sale model is a very popular model which has worked wonders for Xiaomi. In this model, the product is made available only in limited quantities and sold at a very low price . This model made the consumers crazy and each Xiaomi looked like a price which was hard earned. Weaknesses Offline Distribution - Xiaomi mainly sold through the flash sale but at times, it was difficult for customers to get their hands on a REDMI or MI model phone. This is because their offline distribution is not upto mark and Xiaomi phones sell mainly via E-commerce. Advertising and Marketing spends- The advertising and marketing spends of the brand is very low. The brand launches ATL campaigns only when coming up with a new product . However, the advertising is erratic at best

Rosalynn Carter Quotes

Rosalynn Carter Quotes Rosalynn Carter, US First Lady 1977-1981, was an active campaigner for her husband, and an advisor and consultant to him. She managed the family business during much of his political career. Her focus as First Lady was mental health reform. Selected Rosalynn Carter Quotations Do what you can to show you care about other people, and you will make our world a better place. If you doubt you can accomplish something, then you cant accomplish it. You have to have confidence in your ability, and then be tough enough to follow through. A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they dont necessarily want to go, but ought to be. Times of upheaval require not just more leadership but more leaders. People at all organizational levels, whether anointed or self-appointed, must be empowered to share leadership responsibilities. There is clearly much left to be done, and whatever else we are going to do, we had better get on with it. I think I am the person closest to the President of the United States, and if I can help him understand the countries of the world, then thats what I intend to do. I had already learned from more than a decade of political life that I was going to be criticized no matter what I did, so I might as well be criticized for something I wanted to do. Jimmy will let me assume as much responsibility as I will.... Jimmy has always said that we the children and myself can do anything. Jimmys sister Ruth was my best friend and she had a picture of him on the wall in her bedroom. I just thought he was the most handsome young man Id ever seen. One day I confessed to her that I wished she let me take that photograph home. Because I just thought I had fallen in love with Jimmy Carter. (About her husbands naval service when he was away at sea) I learned to be very independent. I could take care of myself and the baby and do things that I never dreamed I would be able to do alone. (About her role in the familys peanut and warehouse business) He asked me to come and keep the office. And I had a friend who had taught an accounting course in the vocational technical school and she gave me a set of accounting books. I began to study accounting. I began to keep the books. And it was not too long before I knew actually as much or more about the business on paper than he did. There was no way I could understand our defeat. I had to grieve over our loss before I could look to the future. Where could our lives possibly be as meaningful as they might have been in the White House? If we have not achieved our early dreams, we must either find new ones or see what we can salvage from the old. If we have accomplished what we set out to do in our youth, we need not weep like Alexander the Great that we have no more worlds to conquer. You must accept that you might fail; then, if you do your best and still dont win, at least you can be satisfied that youve tried. If you dont accept failure as a possibility, you dont set high goals, and you dont branch out, you dont try you dont take the risk. Dont worry about polls, but if you do, dont admit it. Informed journalists can have a significant impact on public understanding of mental health issues, as they shape debate and trends with the words and pictures they convey.... They influence their peers and stimulate discussion among the general public, and an informed public can reduce stigma and discrimination. There is nothing more important than a good, safe, secure home. (President Jimmy Carter about Rosalynn Carter) Theres very seldom a decision that I make that I dont discuss with either to tell her after the fact what Ive done, or, very frequently, to tell her my options and seek her advice.

The topic of this paper should explain your ethical stand on Research

The topic of this should explain your ethical stand on environmental issues, in keeping with the focus of this course - Research Paper Example Environmental conservation dictates that the gas must be subjected to treatment before being released into the atmosphere in order to reduce the pollution of the environmental through hazardous gaseous compounds contained in the gas. Despite, getting rid of the waste materials, incineration process generates a lot of heat, which is often used for production of electricity, which on the other side is very useful in a variety of ways. The processes involved in the incineration of waste materials have undergone through evolutionary stages with better and more improved mechanisms being adopted to address the issues of shortcomings of the process at large. Among other issues that have faced great attention in improving the processes involved in incineration are the cleaning and treatment of the gasses emitted as well as safe combustion control methods to ensure the safety of the human beings that are involved in the process. This has therefore led to adoption of favorable precautionary me asures being designed and adopted both for the sake of operations at the incineration plant as well as for the sake of environmental concerns. Environmental ethics as used and applied within the sphere of human interactions regards with esteem the sovereignty of all life. Ethics refer to such activities that expose human beings and other living organisms such as animals and plants to hazardous conditions as unfavorable and this necessitates the design and adoption of other mechanisms of managing waste products, which would ensure the safety of all living organisms including the human beings (Brennan and Lo, 2008). Among notable improvements in the modern day incineration processes is the inclusion of separation stage, which had not been included in the traditional processes. The failure to remove the hazardous materials in the traditional practices exposed the workers to health risks as well as exposing the public to environmental risks. Moreover, the traditional practices failed to utilize the resultant heat for such uses as in generation of electricity. The methods were thus criticized of neglecting ethical concerns, which has great implication to entire life at large. Burning the trash has been advocated for in the methods used in waste-to-energy procedures of waste management practices. It has been used as one of the most effective method of producing renewable energy. It is a method that has been used in converting the residential, hazardous and commercial wastes into more friendly forms, which would be effective in conserving the environment as well as improving human life by reducing the hazards created by the waste materials. Waste food scraps, papers and plastics are among other wastes that are treated through incineration. The combustion of these products produces a lot of heat, which is used within many countries to produce electricity. However, it is worth noting that not all incineration plants adopted worldwide are used for electricity production . Among other benefits cited by the supporters of incineration as a method off addressing wastes are creation of employment, reducing the health risks that are associated with the organic waste materials, environmental conservation and the production of the electricity that can be used for other uses (Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, 2012). Incineration process involves a relatively higher number of people who

Religion and Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Religion and Food - Essay Example 382). Good examples are New York Jews who consume Chinese food, though according to Judaism, â€Å"Chinese food is un-kosher, and therefore, non-Jewish† (Tuchman and Levine, p. 385). In this way, one cultural tradition oppresses another. Another way, when some cultural traditions historically make a so solid connection, that one is inconceivable from another. Such kind of connection has African Americans and European Americans within American nation. According to Doris Witt, a history of these relationships can be studied within food. â€Å"Food is simply central issue for African Americans†, and Africans were constantly associated with food (especially, women) because of a racial question (Witt, p. 8). Another undeniable thing is a modern world wide, not only peculiar for America. It’s a general desacralization of food. Consumption of different cuisines seems okay exactly because of this tendency: when eating we no longer associate food with something spiritual. Singer describes Krishna’s eating tradition and particularly, prasadam when food is firstly proposed to a godhood and then eaten with blessing (p. 197). However, the most visual example is desacralization of food in Christian tradition. For example, nowadays not many of us keep up fasting and feasting, yet it’s â€Å"at the very heart of Christian tradition† (Bynum, p. 2). Could it be, that while losing each individual cultural identity among variety of different others we instead form something global and common? When having same issues and values, will there be more understanding? Can food reconcile the world? Singer, A. E. â€Å"Conversion Through Foodways Enculturation: The Meaning of Eating in an American Hindu Sect† in Brown, L. K. and Mussell, K. (Eds.) Ethnic and Regional Foodways in the United Stated: The Performance of Group Identity. Univ. of Tennessee Press,

Salvador sausage business plan Essay example -- essays research papers

1.0 Executive Summary †¢ By focusing on its heritage and the strength it brings into the products, their quality, and uniqueness, Salvador's will increase its sales to more than $2 million by the turn of the century, while improving the gross margin on sales cash management and working capital. †¢ This business plan leads the way. It renews our vision and strategic focus on the quality and value we put in our products and the market segment originally targeted. Our vision has been broadened by the success we have found in the marketplace, to the extent of adding new products and current plans on additional items and services. It has given us a step-by-step plan to meet and exceed our goals for increased sales, gross margin, and profitability. †¢ This plan includes this summary, and chapters on the company, products and services, market focus, action plans and forecasts, management team, and financial plan. 1.1 Objectives 1. Increase sales to more than $1 million over the next three years. 2. Move gross margin to above 55% over the current product line and maintain that level. 3. Add products and services to meet market demand, again at 55% margin or above. 4. Sell $2 million of salsa and related Hispanic food items and service by 2000. 5. Improve inventory turnover, reduce the cost of goods sold while maintaining the high quality of the products. 6. To provide jobs to the Hispanic community that are rewarding and fulfilling. 1.2 Mission Salvador's was built on offering the highest quality and value in its authentic hot salsa, filled with the history of the Hispanic community. Time honored family recipes have been passed down through the generations, rich with ethnic heritage. Knowledgeable consumers were looking for authentic products, filled with the best ingredients. The consumer was crying out for a change! They wanted real down home Hispanic salsa. Salvador's answered this call, first with its hot salsa, then adding mild and extra hot salsa, followed by yellow and blue corn chips. Constantly striving to supply what the consumer is asking for, we continually review what is available in the marketplace, and what isn't. Improving on what is available and providing new products and services to the areas of need will assure our success in a market driven by consumer demand. 1.3 Keys to Success 1. Delivering high quality products that set ... ...itional Ratios  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1996  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1997  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  RMA Assets to Sales  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.22  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.30  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Debt/Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   35%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -12%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -24%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Current Debt/Total Assets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   55%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Acid Test   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0.58  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.46  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.43  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Asset Turnover  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.59  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.29  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.91  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Sales/Net Worth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7.08  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.95  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.34  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0 Dividend Payout  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.00  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0

The Changing Role and Status of women in Britain since 1900 – source related study

1. Source A is useful as it shows how united the Suffragettes were in 1908. It says in the caption beneath the photograph, that there was said to have been 200000 people who attended. They look like they are determined to get what they want. Some of the women are holding banners, flowers and flags. There is a policeman in the corner of the picture. This shows that the police thought that the protest might become violent. The Suffragettes were known for heckling at meetings, deliberately trying to get arrested and get sent to prison, and in 1908 they began to attack properties. The Suffragettes believed that peaceful campaigns were getting them nowhere. In 1908, women had already achieved many improvements in their education, legal rights and job opportunities. However they still wanted to earn the right to be able to vote in General Elections. This may be what the protest was for. The Suffragettes had a lot of support, particularly in London. There were thirty-four branches of the WSPU in London alone and fifty-four branches in the rest of the country. Source A shows that the Suffragettes are like a big team and family. They all look determined to get what they want. The WSPU's motto was ‘Deeds not Words,' this meant that they believed that actions were stronger than words. Emmeline Pankhurst is leading the protest. In the Suffragettes first public demonstration in 1905 Emmeline said, â€Å"Then amid uproar and shouting, the women were seized and flung out of the hall.† In conclusion this source shows that the Suffragettes were a strong group of women who had strong opinions and views. This source shows that the Suffragette movement was a strong force to be reckoned with thus affecting people's attitudes. There would be those people in full support, with many women openly and many offering passive support. Men's attitudes would be very different. Up until now the women's place was in the home. The police's attitude was one of recognition of their considerable power and they feared the implications of this, thus the police presence in Source A suggests the need for containment and prevention of violence. 2. Source D and E are both extremely useful in showing us what peoples views about the Suffragettes were in 1910. Source D is taken from a British newspaper, and is obviously written by a man. It is reliable to show the some peoples opinions of what the Suffragettes were doing at the time. Source E is also useful as it is a postcard that was issued by the Suffragettes. It shows the suffragettes opinion. The postcard would be used to persuade people to become one of them. It shows what women could be a mayor or a nurse, and can't vote however men could be lunatics or drunkards and they can vote. This is biased as it has been created by the suffragettes, and is very one sided. However Source D is also biased as it doesn't show the views of the suffragettes, only the writers view about what went on. In Source D the writer uses phrases such as ‘shameful recklessness' and ‘desperate women' to show how the country should be ashamed of the way the suffragettes have acted. This newspaper article does not once say why the suffragettes were doing what they were doing. I'm sure many people agreed with what was written however I am also sure a lot of people were against what was written. In the headline it says ‘ DISGRACEFUL SCENES Reckless Women Charge Headlong into Cordon of Police.' The word ‘disgraceful' suggests that the country should be ashamed of the actions of the Suffragettes. Men expected women to be quiet and obedient so when women started to rebel against this stereotype, the campaign for women's votes was important news, especially with the papers. The Suffragettes began to create posters, which got them some sympathy from people in the public. In Source E it says ‘What a woman may be and yet not have the Vote.' Underneath, it has pictures of women being a mayor, a nurse, a doctor, teacher and a factory hand. It also says ‘what a man may have been and yet not lose the vote.' Underneath, it has pictures of men being a convict, a lunatic, an owner of white slaves, being unfit for service and a drunkard. Of course, women could also be all of the things the males are, and the males are able to have all of the livings the females have however in this postcard the women have only been shown as being good things, whereas the men have been shown as being bad. This would have got the suffragettes some more support. In conclusion I believe that both sources are equally reliable. They both are biased and they both show different opinions of different people at the time. 3. When the First World War began so many men had gone away to fight, that women were needed to do their jobs. This meant that the number of women working in industry increased massively. The war made it acceptable for women to work in shipyards, collieries and brickyards. Some of them worked as highly skilled engineers and carpenters. In some of these jobs, women were welcomed, however in others they were resented because they had little or no training for jobs, which had previously needed very skilled people. If there was an election during the war most soldiers wouldn't be able to vote. Women soon realised that this could be their chance to pressurize the government to let them vote. There were no demonstrations, however there were many meetings between women's leaders and politicians and telegrams and letters were sent to MPs. In 1918 Parliament passed a new law, which allowed women over the age of 30 to be able to vote. From my knowledge of what happened, I believe that the war was a big part of Parliament passing a law allowing women to vote. As there may not of been enough males in the country at the time of the war, to vote if there was an election, they needed females. I also think that because most men were away during the war, the women proved themselves to be useful, as they started doing work in factories and so on. Men had never seen females do this before so it may have been a shock to them to see that women could do things just as good as them. In Source J, Herbert Asquith says, â€Å"I will find it impossible to withhold from women the power and the right of making their voices heard.† This proves that women proved themselves by working while the men were away at war. They even convinced an ex prime minister that they were worthy of having a say about what goes on in there life. The war didn't help the French Suffragette women gain the vote. In conclusion I do agree with the statement: â€Å"Without the First World War British women would not have gained the right to vote in 1918.† I also believe that women would not have received as much respect from men as they do today if the war hadn't of happened. Women had a chance to prove to people that they were able to do things just as well as men in this period of time.

Consumer Good Industry

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2577 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Unfortunately the so-called Fast Moving Consumer Good industry, no more seems to be moving fast. In the 1990s, the industry witnessed an unprecedented boom due to liberalisation, urbanisation, increase in disposable income and altered lifestyles. The boom was also fuelled by other factors like onslaught of satellite television, reduction of excise duties and de-reservation from the small-scale sector. The boom however started fizzling in the second half of 2000. As can be seen from Exhibit 1, the quarterly retail sales growth for the industry has been in the negative territory since the third quarter of 2001. In the current year after showing signs of recovery in the month of June and July, the retail sales again slipped to 1.6% in Aug 02. Out of top 20 categories, 14 have recorded negative volume growth ranging from 2% to 15% in Aug 02. Volume sales growth in large categories like soaps, tea, detergents and toothpaste remained negative. However, some other categories like chocolate, biscuit and shampoos showed good growth. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consumer Good Industry | Economics Dissertations" essay for you Create order India has a huge population of over 1 bn. However, it would be misleading to judge the size of the Indian market for FMCG products by just looking at the population size. A closer look at the age, geographical, occupational and income profile will help us get a better picture of the Indian consumer market. Indian Consumer Market Indias age distribution of population is skewed towards younger age group, which augurs well for the countrys burgeoning consumer market. Around 54% of Indias population are below 24 years. Though this percentage is expected to reduce in future, it is still estimated to remain at a high of 47% by 2013. Though the age group is skewed in favour of the consumer good market, the purchasing power of the average Indian population is quite low. Indias per capita income is around US$ 460, which compares very poorly not only with developed countries but also with other developing countries. China has a per capita income of US$ 840, while countries like Thailand and Malaysia have even better per capita income of US$ 2,010 and US$ 3,380 respectively. With around 65% of the countrys total workforce dependent on agriculture, the occupational profile of the country is skewed. This explains the high dependence of the FMCG sector on rural sales. Around 40% sales of the FMCG sector comes from the rural area. As the agriculture sector in India is highly dependent on monsoon, the FMCG sector also gets indirectly exposed to the vagaries of nature. The high dependence of the FMCG sector on agriculture also exposes it to the other structural problems facing the latter, like poor rural infrastructure, small landholdings, long chain of intermediaries etc. Though the country has been witnessing increasing urbanisation, with the percentage of urban to total population going up to 33.4% in 2001 from 25.7% in 1991. The percentage of rural population is still very high. Moreover, even in the rural area, around 81% of the rural population are concentrated in villages having population below 5000. Hence one can say that the geographical profile of the country poses distribution challenge for the consumer good industry. Characteristics of the Industry Few FMCG categories have reached saturation level The 1990s boom in FMCG industry was mainly led by rapid growth in rural penetration of low priced products. The spread of satellite television coupled by companies like Nirma and HLLs rural penetration drive led to a marked improvement in rural penetration of the FMCG products. However, the rural penetration seems to have stagnated in the past couple of years, especially in the case of necessity product categories. In fact, categories such as toilet soaps, detergents, tea have reached high penetration levels in both rural as well as urban areas and it would be difficult to increase the penetration further (Exhibit 2). Exhibit 2 Dealer Penetration (%) Urban Rural Segments 1997 1999 2001e 1997 1999 2001e Necessity 90 95 97 97 97 97 Emerging 88 95 97 79 88 92 Lifestyle 66 74 80 25 32 40 Source: ORG-MARG; Industry Estimates Another point that emerges from the penetration numbers is that while the FMCG companies have successfully tapped the high-income group, they now need to target the lower income group (Exhibit 3). For a category like shampoo, in urban India the penetration level is at a high of 88% for the top 4% of the income group, while it is 23% for the lowest 10% of the Income group. Similar penetration level gap is witnessed in the rural areas also. Exhibit 3 Penetration Levels by Income Groups Urban India Shampoo Toothpaste Top 4% 88 86 Next 4% 82 86 Next 13% 76 93 Next 22% 63 86 Next 22% 50 74 Next 25% 37 54 Lowest 10% 23 32 All Income Groups 54 72 Rural India Shampoo Toothpaste Top 1% 71 86 Next 3% 60 80 Next 9% 48 67 Next 15% 34 50 Next 38% 22 31 Lowest 34% 14 17 All Income Groups 25 34 Source: ORG-MARG Whatever the penetration level, the Indian consumers still offer tremendous growth potential because of their low per capita consumption (Exhibit 4). For a category like toothpaste, the per capita consumption in India is 40 ml as against 299 ml in USA and 358 ml in Brazil. Exhibit 4 Per Capita Consumption India Brazil USA Personal Wash (kg) 0.5 1.1 2 Fabric Wash (Kg) 2.6 7.2 13 Toothpaste (ml) 40 358 299 Shampoo (ml) 16 444 1018 Source: Industry Rise of lifestyle and convenience products While the necessity product categories have matured and are facing challenges on the growth front, lifestyle and convenience products offer tremendous growth potential to the Indian consumer goods industry. The food segment, which is still at a very nascent stage in India, is a good example of rising consumer demand for convenience products because of changing life style. Industry data shows that categories like noodles, jam, ketchup, fruit juice and other packaged ready to eat food are growing with leaps and bounds. Cosmetics, women-healthcare, mosquito repellent, scourers are some of the other categories in the FMCG industry, which are showing good growth potential. Freebies have become a constant feature Increasing competition in the industry has restricted the ability of the players to raise price frequently. For instance, late last year, HLL had increased the prices of shampoos significantly higher than competition. As a result, by the second half of the current year, the company had lost 450 basis point of market share in this segment. In fact with increasing competition, many categories like detergents and toilet soaps have started to follow commodity economies. As a result the industry players are resorting to freebies and discounts to garner larger market share. Another method being adopted by players to increase sales is the introduction of smaller size units at lower price points. Following the tremendous success of shampoos in sachet packs, now we have many other products like chocolates, hair oil, and detergent in smaller packs. Imports not a major threat for the industry India removed the quantitative restriction on 714 items in 2000 and the remaining 715 items in 2001. With the removal of quantitative restrictions, imported consumer good products are now easily available in cities like Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore. However, the percentage of imports is still very low and does not pose an immediate threat to the industry. Reduction in Indirect Taxes In the past 10 years, the excise duty rates in India have declined from the level of 40-50% to 16% for most categories. The decrease in consumer good prices as a result of reduction in excise duties was one of the factors responsible for the rapid growth witnessed by the industry in 1990s. The total indirect rates on FMCG goods in India now range between 25-35%, which is similar to or higher than most countries in Europe and the US. Though, reduction in indirect taxes will help raise growth rates, the chances of further dramatic reduction in excise duties are low. Problems facing the industry Economic Slowdown The FMCG industry has been hit by the slowdown in the economy in the recent past. Slowdown in the economy not only dents the purchasing power of the consumers, it also influences the consumer sentiments leading to lower spending. The consumer sentiments have also been affected by the current global slowdown. The economic numbers released in the current fiscal, be it GDP, exports, IIP, credit offtake, are definitely showing signs of revival in the Indian economy. However, the extent of recovery cannot be ascertained completely as the impact of drought is still to be reflected in the economic numbers being released. Downtrading Another problem facing the FMCG industry is downtrading by consumers. Premium brands are losing out to the mass-market brands as consumers are showing preference for value for money products. For example, in 2001, HLLs premium soap brand Lux showed a yoy dip of 12.3%, while its mass-market brand Breeze showed a healthy growth of 12.4%. Downtrading is most evident in categories like soaps, detergents and toothpaste. Spurious Products Counterfeit products masquerading as some of the countrys top selling products is significantly eating into the revenues of the industry. Popular brands across product categories are losing between 10% to 30% of their business to fakes. An AC Neilson survey estimated the annual loss to the FMCG industry from spurious products, at Rs 26 bn and to the Government (in the form of unpaid taxes) at Rs 9 bn. An ORG survey of 12,500 retail stores completed in Jan 02 found the counterfeit market to be 5-15% of the annual sales of Rs 600 bn for the FMCG industry. Thats between Rs 30 bn and Rs 90 bn a year. Change in urban consumption pattern The FMCG industry has also been affected by changing urban consumption pattern in favour of consumer-durables vis--vis non-durables. The increasing expenditure on consumer-durables could be attributed to the easy financing facilities available. Moreover, with changing lifestyle and increasing aspirations, the proportion of spending on healthcare, education, transportation and communication is increasing, which is also eating into the share of consumer non-durables. High Advertising Budget The competitive pressure in the industry has hiked the advertising budget. However, with the increase in the number of television channels, the money spent on advertising by the FMCG companies does not go as far as it used to earlier. Brand loyalty has been wavering with increasing options being available to the consumers. Segment wise growth Personal Wash The personal wash segment valued at around Rs 40 bn has not been performing well. The segment witnessed a yoy dip of around 12% in Aug 02. The poor performance of the category can be attributed to high penetration level leading to lower scope of increasing growth through further increase in penetration. The category is also witnessing increasing downtrading, with the popular segment eating into the share of the premium segment. However, industry players are trying to capture the niche consumers by introducing value-added products like shower gels, etc. HLL, with brands like Lux, Lifebuoy, Breeze, and Rexona leads the market with a share of around 60%. Some of the other players in the market are Nirma, Godrej Consumers and Reckitt Colman. Fabric Wash With increasing competition, the fabric was category valued at Rs 45 bn has started to behave like a commodity. The popular segment account for around 85% of the total detergent market. Nirma is the leader in the popular segment, while HLL (Surf, Wheel) is the leader in the premium segment. Some of the other players in the market are PG (Ariel, Gain, Tide) and Henkel Spic (Henko). Oral Care The sales volume in the oral care category continued to fall, with Aug 02 recording a yoy dip of around 8%. However, the segment valued at Rs 20 bn has tremendous potential to grow because of the low per capita consumption of this category. In India the per capita consumption of toothpaste is 40 ml as against 299 ml in US and even higher 358 ml in Brazil. Colgate is the leader in the segment, with roughly 50% share of the market, followed by HLL with a share of around 36%. The players in the segment have very little pricing power because of limited scope of product differentiation Skin Care This category has products like cream, talcum powder, moisturisers and lotions under its umbrella. Fairness Cream valued at around Rs 9.3 bn is the largest product in this category. HLL dominates the segment with 53% share in fairness cream and 65.2% share in talcum powder. In contrast to some of the other FMCG categories like soaps, detergents and oral care, brand loyalty is quite strong in the skin care category. Household Care The category with products like mosquito repellent, scourers and floor cleaners is valued at around Rs 18 bn. Mosquito repellent valued at roughly Rs 6 bn is among the fastest growing product in this category. Godrej Sara Lee with brand Goodnight is the leader in the mosquito repellent segment, while HLLs Vim in the major player in the dishwasher segment. In the floor cleaner segment, phenol with attractive pricing is much ahead of branded products like Lisol of Reckitt Colman and Domex of HLL. Food Products The food products industry currently has low penetration. However, the industry promises very good growth potential because of the changing lifestyle in urban India. The category includes sub-categories like processed fruits and vegetables, dairy, branded staples, bakery, ready to eat packaged food etc. India is among the worlds largest producers of many food items, however, only about 1.8-2% of the countrys fruits and vegetables are processed compared to 60-70% in countries like the US and UK. This is because of poor storage, refrigeration, and transportation facilities in the country. As far as the branded staple market is concerned, it is currently dominated by the unorganized sector. However, it also has the presence of FMCG giant, HLL. The price sensitive nature of the Indian markets makes most of the mass market basic staples food category business a low margin business, however high volumes are expected to make up for the low margins. The Indian Dairy industry is dominated by the co-operative sector, with National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), a clear market leader. NDDBs major brand, Amul is the market leader in the branded cheese, butter and margarine segments. Some of the other players in the segment are Britannia and Nestle. As the bakery industry was reserved for small-scale sector till last year, the unorganised sector contributes around 60% to the total sales. The biscuit segment has been showing good performance, with a yoy growth of around 17% in Aug 02 as against a dip of around 4% in Aug 01. Britannia and Parle are the two main players in the category. Chocolate Confectionery The chocolate market is showing significant improvement in sales trend. The segment has grown by 18% (yoy) in Aug 02 as against a negative growth in Aug 01. The healthy performance of the category could be partially attributed to lower exposure to the rural slowdown. The strategy of the two main players, Cadbury and Nestle of introducing products in smaller packs to propel growth has been very successful. However, the confectionery market, which is around eight times the size of the chocolate market in terms of volume has not been doing well. This is because of the hike in excise duty from 8% to 16%, which has made it difficult for companies to promote their products economically as most of these are sold at fixed price points of Re 1 and 50 paise. Tea Indian tea industry is currently going through a phase of recession. The players in the category are facing margin squeeze as well as realisation lower than the marginal cost. The main factors responsible for the poor show are lower auction prices, increasing wage cost and consumer downtrading. Export is also being hit by lower focus on quality and increasing competition from countries like Sri Lanka and Kenya. Packaged tea contributes only around 35% to the total tea market, while the rest comes from loose tea. HLL is the leader in the packaged tea category with a share of 35.3% followed by Tata Tea that has a share of around 18.8%.